EN RETROSPECCIÓN: LOS CINCUENTA AÑOS DE LA OPERACIÓN DE ROLLING THUNDER: LOS ATAQUES AÉREOS DE ESTADOS UNIDOS Y LA DEFENSA DEL NORTE DE VIETNAM 1965-1968

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35588/rhsm.v24i1.3868

Palabras clave:

Conflicto en el Sudeste Asiático, guerra aérea, guerra fría, Vietnam del Norte

Resumen

En 1965, el presidente Lyndon Johnson envió los primeros contingentes militares de Estados Unidos a Vietnam del Sur y lanzó una importante campaña de bombardeos en Vietnam del Norte llamada Rolling Thunder. Este artículo analiza la reacción de Vietnam del Norte con su sistema defensivo a los ataques, utilizando aviones MiG-17 y MiG-21, cómo aprovechó al máximo sus habilidades y equipos y cómo superó la adversidad, propia. limitaciones e inmenso poder aéreo norteamericano.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Asselin, Pierre. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the 1954 Geneva Conference: A revisionist critique. Cold War History. v. 11, n. 2, May. 2011, pp. 155–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740903244934

Bandeira, Luiz Alberto M. Formação do Império Americano: da guerra contra a Espanha à guerra no Iraque. Civilização Brasileira, 2009.

Biddle, Tami Davis. Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Ideas about Strategic Bombing, 1914-1945. Princeton University Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/107.5.1531-a

Briggs, Randall N. Compound Warfare in the Vietnam War. Huber, Thomas M. Compound Warfare: That Fatal Knot. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Press, 2002.

Boniface, Roger. MiGs Over North Vietnam: The Vietnam People's Air Force in Combat, 1965-1975. Crecy Publishing, 2015

Bowman, John S. The World Almanac of the Vietnam War. Bison Books, 1985.

Boyne, Walter. MiG Sweep. Air Force Magazine. Arlington, v. 81, n. 11, Nov. 1998, pp. 46-51.

Boyne, Walter. “Route Pack 6”. Air Force Magazine. Arlington, Va. v. 82, n. 11, Nov. 1999, pp. 56-61.

“Foi reportada a perda de seis aviões”, Chicago Tribune, quarta-feira, 23 de agosto de 1967, p. 7. archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/08/23/page/7/article/yank-flyers-blast-bridge-near-hanoi.

Chieu, Vu Ngu. The Other Side of the 1945 Vietnamese Revolution: The Empire of Viet-Nam (March-August 1945) The Journal of Asian Studies, v. 45, n. 2, Feb. 1986, pp. 293-328. https://doi.org/10.2307/2055845

Clausewitz, Carl von, Da guerra. Martins Fontes, 1996.

Cosmas, Graham A. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and the War in Vietnam, 1960-1968. Washington, DC, Office of Joint History Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 2012. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada557393

Davies, Peter. F-4 Phantom II Vs MiG-21: USAF & VPAF in the Vietnam War. Osprey Publishing Ltd.2008.

Douhet, Giulio. The Command of the Air. Air Force History and Museums Program, 1998.

Ellsworth, John K. Operation Rolling Thunder: Strategic Implications of Airpower Doctrine, Pickle Partners Publishing, 2014. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada414074

Wilson Center, Discussion Between Liu Shaoqi and Le Duan. Cold War International History Project (CWIHP). Working Paper 22, “77 Conversations.” Record ID: 113058 digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113058.

Guan, Ang Chen. “The Vietnam War, 1962-64: The Vietnamese Communist Perspective.” Journal of Contemporary History, v. 35, n. 4, Oct. 2000, pp. 601-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500405

Hall, Mitchell K. The Vietnam Era: antiwar Movement. OAH Magazine of History, v. 18, n. 5, Oct. 2004, pp. 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1093/maghis/18.5.13

Hobsbawm, Eric. Revolucionários: ensaios contemporâneos. 5ª ed. Paz e Terra, 2015.

Hopkins, George W. Historians and the Vietnam War: The Conflict Over Interpretations Continues. Studies in Popular Culture, v. 23, n. 2, Oct. 2000, pp. 99-108.

Hưng, Nguyễn Sỹ và Liên, Nguyễn Nam. Những Trận Không Chiến Trên Bầu Trời Việt Nam (1965-1975) Nhìn Từ Hai Phía. (Batalhas aéreas no céu do Vietnã (1965-1975) vistas de ambos os lados). People’s Army Publishing House, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v6i11.572

Immerman, Richard H. John Foster Dulles: Piety, Pragmatism, and Power in U.S. Foreign Policy. Scholarly Resources, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2002.4.3.123

Jacobsen, Mark. Washington's Management of The Rolling Thunder Campaign, Colloquium on Contemporary History “Air Operations in the Vietnam War” Naval History and Heritage Command. 2014.

Jian, C. China's Involvement in the Vietnam War, 1964–69. The China Quarterly, n. 142, Jun. 1995, pp. 356-387. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000034974

Johnson, Lyndon Baines. Address at Johns Hopkins University: “Peace Without Conquest,” April 7, 1965 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1965. Volume I, entry 172, pp. 394-399. Washington, D. C., Government Printing Office, 1966. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510978209388449

Journoud, Pierre. Guerra do Vietnã (1964-1975). Hecht, Emmanuel e Servent, Pierre. O Século de Sangue - 1914-2014: as vinte guerras que mudaram o mundo. Contexto, 2015.

Kamps, Charles Tustin. The JCS 94-Target List: A Vietnam Myth That Still Distorts Military Thought. Aerospace Power Journal. v. 15, n. 1, Mar-Jun 2001, pp. 67-80. apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a524103.pdf.

Kaspi, André. Kennedy. Folio ABC, 2003.

Keegan, John, Dien Bien Phu: derrota no Vietnã. Renes, 1979.

Lemay, Curtis E. and Kantor, MacKinlay. Mission with LeMay: My Story. Doubleday, 1965.

“Kosygin em Hanói” Le Monde, 09 de fevereiro de 1965. /www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1965/02/09/m-kossyguine-a-hanoi-l-u-r-s-s-est-prete-a-fournir-l-aide-necessaire-au-nord-si-sa-souverainete-et-son-independance-sont-menacees_2184711_1819218.html#8rCY4qkH7SUPVqVf.99.

Logevall, Frederick. “Bringing in the “Other Side”: New Scholarship on the Vietnam Wars. Journal of Cold War Studies, v.3, n. 3, Sep. 2001, pp. 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1162/152039701750419529

Magnoli, Demétrio (org.). História das Guerras. Contexto, 2006.

May, Ernest R. “1947-48: When Marshall Kept the U.S. out of War in China.” Journal of Military History, v. 66 n. 4, Oct 2002, pp. 1001-1010. https://doi.org/10.2307/3093261

Mccoy, James W. Secrets of the Viet Cong. Hippocrene Books, 1992.

Mcnab, Chris e Wiest, Andrew. A história da Guerra do Vietnã. M. Books do Brasil, 2016.

McNamara, Robert S. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. Random House, 1995.

Military Institute of Vietnam. Victory in Vietnam: the Official History of the People’s Army of Vietnam, 1954-1975. Translated by Merle C Pribbenow. University Press of Kansas, 2002. https://doi.org/10.2307/3591925

Minh, Ho Chi. Message to the American People, December 23, 1966, http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon2/hochiminh/.

Mladenov, Alexander. Mikoyan-Gurevich MIG-21. Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2014.

Moïse, Edwin E. Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. University of North Carolina Press. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/103.5.1723

Morrocco, John. Thunder from Above: Air War, 1941–1968. Boston Publishing Company, 1984.

Moyar, Mark, “Vietnam: Historians at War.” Academic Quest, v. 21, n. 1, Mar. 2008, pp. 37-50. doi.org/10.1007/s12129-008-9045-y.

Nalty, Bernard C, et al. Guerra Aérea no Vietnã. Nova Cultural, 1986.

Nalty, Bernard C. and Thompson, Wayne. Within Limits: The U.S. Air Force and the Korean War. University Press of the Pacific, 2005.

Neubeck, Ken. F-105 Thunderchief In Action. Squadron/Signal Publications, 2002.

Nichols, John and Barrett, Tillman. On Yankee Station: The Naval Air War over Vietnam. Naval Institute Press, 1987.

“O Mundo. Muitas batalhas aéreas no Norte.” Le Monde. 19 de dezembro de 1967, www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1967/12/19/nombreux-combats-aeriens-au-nord_2611319_1819218.html#fL1kFdSpU7beMUbl.99.

“ONU: Diplomatas Americanos”. Le Monde. 09 de fevereiro de 1965, www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1965/02/09/o-n-u-les-diplomates-americains-s-efforcent-de-convaincre-l-opinion-mondiale-que-le-raid-de-represailles-n-est-pas-lie-a-la-visite-de-m-kossyguine_2184448_1819218.html#tfKSIgcdAs4pYoEJ.99.

Overy. Richard. The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940–1945. Viking Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12077_64

Parks, W. Hays, Rolling Thunder and the Law of War. Air University Review, Jan-Feb. 1982. https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim170170015

Pimlott, John. Rolling Thunder. Guerra na Paz, editora Heloisa Feres de Faria Tavares, Rio Gráfica, 1984.

Prados, John. The Blood Road: The Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Vietnam War. John Wiley & Sons, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/105.1.194

Schlight, John. The war in South Vietnam: the years of the offensive, 1965-1968 (The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia). Air Force History and Museums Program. 1999. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada208827

Shulimson, Jack and Johnson, Charles M. U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Landing and Building, 1965. Government Printing Office. 1978.

Small, Melvin. Antiwarriors: The Vietnam War and the Battle for America's Hearts and Minds. Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2003.10527872.

Stanton. Shelby L. Vietnam Order of Battle. Galahad Books, 1986.

Thompson, Roger. Lessons not Learned: The U.S. Navy's Status Quo Culture. Naval Institute Press, 2013.

Thompson, Wayne. To Hanoi and Back: The U.S. Air Force and North Vietnam, 1966–1973. Smithsonian Institution Press. 2002.

Tilford, Earl H. Crosswinds: The Air Force's Setup in Vietnam. Texas A&M University Press, 1993.

Tilford, Earl H. Setup: What the Air Force Did in Vietnam and Why. Air University Press. 1991. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada421969

Toperczer, István. Air War Over North Vietnam: The Vietnamese People's Air Force 1949-1977. Squadron Signal Publications, 1998.

Toperczer, Istvan, MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of The Vietnam War. Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2001.

United States of America, A staff study based on the Pentagon Papers prepared for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate. Study No. 5 Bombing as a Policy Tool in Vietnam: Effectiveness.Washington: Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972. https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim230020001

United States of America, Pentagon Papers. [Part IV. C. 3.] Evolution of the War. Rolling Thunder, Program Begins: January - June 1965. Washington DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1969.

United States of America, Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Johnson. LBJ Library, National Security File, Memos to the President, McGeorge Bundy, Volume 8, Box 2. https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim160020024

Visentini, Paulo F. A revolução vietnamita. UNESP, 2007.

Van Staaveren, Jacob. Gradual Failure: The Air War Over North Vietnam, 1965–1966. Air Force History and Museums Program, 2002. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada440196

Walton, C. Dale. Washington Deterred: China and American conduct of The Vietnam War. Texas Tech University. 4th Triennial Vietnam Symposium (Anais), Apr. 2002, pp. 11-13.

Descargas

Publicado

2020-08-31

Número

Sección

Notas de Investigación

Cómo citar

EN RETROSPECCIÓN: LOS CINCUENTA AÑOS DE LA OPERACIÓN DE ROLLING THUNDER: LOS ATAQUES AÉREOS DE ESTADOS UNIDOS Y LA DEFENSA DEL NORTE DE VIETNAM 1965-1968. (2020). Revista De Historia Social Y De Las Mentalidades, 24(1), 413-450. https://doi.org/10.35588/rhsm.v24i1.3868